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Power Pins

  • 5V → Provides a 5 V voltage and 0.5 A current output capacity via a DC-DC step-up converter. Output is available when either power input (USB or Li-Po battery) is connected. Can be used to power external modules.
  • 3V3 → Provides a 3.3 V voltage and 1 A current output capacity via a DC-DC step-down converter. Output is available when either power input (USB or Li-Po battery) is connected. Can be used to power external modules.
  • VBAT → Outputs the voltage (3.3 V – 4.2 V) of the externally connected Li-Po battery. Can be used to power external modules.
  • GND → Common ground line of the circuit for all power and logic connection pins.

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Logic Pins (Input/Output Pins)

  • D0 – D14 → Used as digital input/output pins. Logic “0” corresponds to 0 V; logic “1” corresponds to 3.3 V. All of these pins can be used as PWM pins. The pins are not 5 V tolerant.
  • D0, D1, D12, D13, and D14 pins can also be used as analog input pins and capacitive sensing pins.

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Analog Pins

  • A0 – A7 → Used as input pins for analog signals in the range of 0 V – 3.3 V. All of these pins can also be used as digital input/output pins.
  • A0, A1, A2, and A3 pins can also be used as capacitive sensing pins.

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Communication Pins

  • TX – RX → Serial communication (UART) pins. Firmware upload and terminal communication are performed through these pins. TX is the output pin and RX is the input pin. Besides UART communication, they can also be used as digital input/output pins. They are also referred to as D2 (TX) and D3 (RX).
  • I2C → Any sensor or actuator can be controlled via the SDA and SCL pins. SDA (input/output) is the data line, and SCL (output) is the clock synchronization pin. These pins are held at logic “1” (3.3 V) by 10 kΩ pull-up resistors. Besides I2C communication, they can also be used as digital input/output pins. They are also connected to D10 (SDA) and D11 (SCL) pins.
  • SPI → Any sensor or actuator can be controlled via the MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and SS pins. MOSI (output) is the data pin, MISO (input) is the data pin, SCLK (output) is the clock synchronization pin, and SS is the slave select pin. These pins can also be used as digital input/output pins. They are also referred to as SS (D4), SCLK (D5), MISO (D6), and MOSI (D7).

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PWM Pins

  • PWM0 – PWM4 → Pulse-width modulation (PWM) square-wave output pins. They are also referred to as PWM0 (A4), PWM1 (A5), PWM2 (A6), PWM3 (A7), and PWM4 (D8).
  • All signal pins can be used as PWM pins.

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Camera Pins

  • CAMD2 – CAMD9 → Pins through which image data (pixels) are transmitted; used as outputs. They are also connected respectively to D5, D1, D0, D4, D6, D8, A6, and A4 pins.
  • CAMSD – CAMSC → Serial communication pins; CAMSD is used for bidirectional data transfer, while CAMSC is used as the clock synchronization input pin. They are also connected to A0 (CAMSD) and A1 (CAMSC) pins.
  • CAMXC → The main clock signal source required for the operation of the camera sensor. Used as an input. It is also connected to the A5 pin and can be used as a digital input/output pin.
  • CAMPC → The clock signal derived from the camera sensor for image data. Used as an output. It is also connected to the D7 pin and can be used as a digital input/output pin.
  • CAMV → Output pin that indicates the image frame is ready. It is also connected to the A2 pin and can be used only as a digital input.
  • CAMH → Output pin that indicates the image pixel is ready. It is also connected to the A3 pin and can be used only as a digital input.

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Capacitive Sensing Pins

  • T0 – T8 → Input pins used for capacitive sensing. They are also connected to T0 (A0), T1 (A1), T2 (A2), T3 (A3), T4 (D14), T5 (D13), T6 (D12), T7 (D0), and T8 (D1) pins.

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RGB Pin

  • RGBLED → Pin to which the internal addressable RGB LED is connected. It is also connected to the D9 pin.

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Button Pin

  • GPKEY → Pin to which the general-purpose internal button is connected. It is also used to put the system into manual upload mode. It is held at logic “1” (3.3 V) by a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor. It is also connected to the D15 pin and can be used as a digital input/output pin.

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SD Card Pins

  • SDMO → Internal SD card data line output pin. It is also connected to the D17 pin.
  • SDMI → Internal SD card data line input pin. It is also connected to the D19 pin.
  • SDCK → Internal SD card clock synchronization output pin. It is also connected to the D16 pin.
  • SDCS → Internal SD card chip select pin. It is also connected to the D18 pin.

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Programming Pins

  • EN → This pin must be held at logic “1” (3.3 V) to enable operation of the ESP32-WROVER-E module. This condition is ensured by an internally placed pull-up resistor. The “RES” button is connected to this pin and is used to reset the system. When the button is pressed, the EN pin is pulled to logic “0” (0 V).
  • BOOT → Used to put the system into manual upload mode. It is the pin connected to the general-purpose internal button (BUT). It is held at logic “1” (3.3 V) by a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor. It is also connected to the D8 pin.

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Battery Voltage Measurement Pin

  • BAT → Used to measure the voltage value of a battery connected to the Li-Po battery connector or the BAT pin. It is also referred to as A8.